Index

Handout for the Department Meeting 19901218

Methods for malaria detection

==============================================================================================
   Method       Subject   Sensitivity   Specificity  Portability    Skill    Cost    Article
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Microscopic     parasite     Low           High      Intermediate   High     Low      22
examination     (in RBC)  (detected                  (Available     level
of giemsa-                 only in                    only for
stained                    fever)                    fresh blood)
blood smear


rRNA method     species-    High           High      Intermediate   High     High     18
                specific   (rapid)                   (Dried blood   level
                regions                               can be used
                of rRNA                              for detection)
             (whole blood)


IFAT           antibody      High       Intermediate     Low      Intermediate  High   3
              for parasite  (slow)
              (in serum)


ELISA          antibody      High       Intermediate     Low        Low     Intermediate  
              for parasite  (slow)
              (in serum)


ABC-ELISA      antibody      High       Intermediate     High       Low     Intermediate  
              for parasite  (slow)
              (in serum)


Spleen-rate   spleen size    Low            Low          High     Intermediate   Low      


Haptoglobin    lack of      Intermediate    Low
  method      haptoglobin
* SRID ------------------------------------------------->High       Low          Low      
* ELISA------------------------------------------------->Low      Intermediate   High     
==============================================================================================
  1. Hill, A.V.S., Whitehouse, D.B., Bowden, D.K., Hopkinson, D.A., Draper, C.C., Peto, T.E.A., Clegg, J.B. and Weatherall, D.J. (1987) Ahaptoglobinaemia in Melanesia: DNA and malarial antibody studies. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene, 81: 573-577.
  2. Trape, J.F., Fribourg-Blanc, A., Bosseno, M.F., Lallement, M., Engler, R. and Mouchet, J. (1985) Malaria, cause of ahaptoglobinaemia in Africans. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene, 79: 430-434.
  3. Voller, A. (1971) The detection and measurement of malarial antibodies. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene, 65: 111-124.
  4. Rougement, A., Quilici, M., Rangue, P. and Pene, P. (1974) Taux d'haptoglobine, paludisme et anemie chez l'adulte africain. 1. Bulletin de la Societe de Pathologie Exotique, 67: 52-57.
  5. Rougement, A., Quilici, M., Rangue, P. and Pene, P. (1974) Taux d'haptoglobine, paludisme et anemie chez l'adulte africain. 2. Bulletin de la Societe de Pathologie Exotique, 67: 370-377.
  6. Boreham, P.F.L., Lenahan, J.K., Port, G.R. and Macgregor, I.A. (1981) Haptoglobin polymorphism and its relationship to malaria infection in the Gambia. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene, 75: 193-200.
  7. Areekul, S., Chantachum, Y., Matrakul, D. and Viravan, C. (1972) Serum haptoglobin levels in malaria. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine & Public Health, 3: 505-510.
  8. Patwari, A., Aneja, J. and Ghosh, S. (1979) Serum haptoglobin in childhood malaria. Indian Pediatrics, 16: 665-667.
  9. Rosemberg, E.B., Strickland, G.T., Young, S.L. and Whalen, G.E. (1973) IgM antibodies to red cells and autoimmune anaemia in patients in malaria. American Journal of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene, 22: 146-152.
  10. Trape, J.F. and Fribourg-Blanc, A. (1988) Ahaptoglobinemia in African populations and its relation to malaria endemicity. American Journal of Epidemiology, 127(6): 1282-1288.
  11. Rougement, A., Bouvier, M., Perrin, L., Yerly, S., Brenner, E., Srivastava, I., Dumbo, O., Soula, G., Tamoura, B., Dolo, A., Kodio, B. and Ranque, P. (1988) Hypohaptoglobinaemia as an epidemiological and clinical indicator for malaria. Lancet, 2: 709-712.
  12. Gabra, M.S., Grossiord, D., Perrin, L.H., Shaw, A., Cheung, A. and McGregor, I.A. (1986) Defined Plasmodium falciparum antigens in malaria serology. Bulletin of World Health Organization, 64: 889-896.
  13. Yerly, S., Bouvier, M., Rougement, A., Srivastava, I. and Perrin, L.H. (1990) Development of a haptoglobin ELISA. Its use as an indicator for malaria. Acta Tropica, 47: 237-244.
  14. Cattani, J.A., Tulloch, J.L., Vrbova, H. and on, so (1986) The epidemiology of malaria in a population surrounding Madang, Papua New Guinea. American Journal of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene, 35: 3-15.
  15. Oppenheimer, S.J., Gibson, F.D., Macfarlane, S.B., Moody, J.B., Harrison, C., Spencer, A. and Bunari, O. (1986) Iron supplementation increases prevalence and effects of malaria: report on clinical studies in Papua New Guinea. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene, 80: 603-612.
  16. Oppenheimer, S.J., Gibson, F.D., Macfarlane, S.B., Moody, J.B. and Hendrickse, R.G. (1984) Iron supplementation and malaria. Lancet, 1: 388-390.
  17. Vercruysse, J. (1985) Etude entomologique sur la transmission du paludisme humain dans le bassin du Fleuve Senegal (Senegal). Ann. Soc. belge Med. trop., 65(Supp. 2): 171-179.
  18. Waters, A.P. and McCutchan, T.F. (1989) Rapid, sensitive diagnosis of malaria based on ribosomal RNA. Lancet, 1(8651): 1343-1346.
  19. Parent, G. and on, so (1987) Paludisme, anemie et etat nutritionnel: etude longitudinale et interactions en zone Sahelienne (Senegal). Bulletin de la Societe de Pathologie Exotique, 80(3 Pt 2): 546-560.
  20. Brabin, L. and Brabin, B.J. (1990) Malaria and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in populations with high and low spleen rates in Madang, Papua New Guinea. Human Heredity, 40(1): 15-21.
  21. Baer, A., Lie-Injo, L.E., Welch, Q.B. and Lewis, A.N. (1976) Genetic Factors and Malaria in the Temuan. American Journal of Human Genetics, 28: 179-188.
  22. 'Malaria' In: Oxford Textbook of Medicine.