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Social Epidemiology and Behavioral Economics

Latest update: 3 April 2026 (Fri)


1. Overview

In general, epidemiology is the study of capturing frequency and distribution of health events in the specified population, and of conducting causal inference on the causes of the health events. Classic epidemiology mostly focused on disease as health events, on controllable environmental exposure as causes. Social epidemiology expanded those to all health events including prevention and health promotion, and to any kinds of social determinants of health as causes.

Social determinants of health such as social gap, poverty, gender, ethnic group, and social capital are often difficult to control. However, social epidemiology researches developed in Harvard University and other groups clarified many things based on community intervention trials to address the possibility of improvement in health promotion or health status.

However, community intervention trials require political decision and huge budget and thus reliable evidences are necessary. Since recent studies proved that human-being rarely behaves rationally in health and medicine related matters, conventional economics, which presumes rational economic human, cannot analyze cost-benefit of community intervention trials. Therefore, the methodology of behavioral economics established by Daniel Kahneman and shares many Novel economic prize should be applied.

This class integrates those two relatively new disciplines.

(in Japanese)

疫学は,一般に健康事象の頻度と分布を把握し,健康事象発生の原因についての因果推論を行う学問であるが,古典的な疫学は,健康事象として疾病,原因としてコントロール可能な環境要因に注目してきた。それを,予防や健康増進を含む健康事象一般に対する社会的決定因子全般に拡大した枠組みが,社会疫学であるといえる。

社会格差,貧困,ジェンダー,民族,ソーシャル・キャピタルといった社会的決定因子は,コントロールが難しいことが多いが,ハーバード大学を中心に発展した社会疫学の研究では,コミュニティへの介入によって,健康増進や健康状態の改善が可能かという実証研究がなされ,多くのことがわかってきた。

しかし,社会への介入には,政治的決定と多額の経費が必要となり,合理的な算出根拠が求められる。ヒトは,健康や医療に関しては合理的行動をしないことがほぼ自明であるため,合理的経済人を前提とする古典的経済学の枠組みでは,社会的介入のコスト・ベネフィット分析ができない。そこで,求められるのが,カーネマンらが大成し,近年のノーベル経済学賞の受賞対象の多くを占める行動経済学の方法論である。

本講義ではこれら2つの比較的新しい学問分野を関連付けながら教授する。

2. Plan

For GSM M, Tuesday 6, 3Q

The contents may change.

1. 6 Oct 2026 (Minato NAKAKZAWA)
Overviews on social epidemiology
社会疫学概論
2. 13 Oct 2026 (Minato NAKAZAWA)
Poverty, social gap, social exclusion and health
貧困,社会格差,社会的排除と健康
3. 20 Oct 2026 (Masakazu SHINOHARA)
Social capital and health
ソーシャル・キャピタルと健康
4. 27 Oct 2026 (Minato NAKAZAWA)
Community intervention trials
コミュニティ介入研究
5. 6 Nov 2026 (Friday!) (Minato NAKAZAWA)
Overviews on behavioral economics
行動経済学概論
6. 10 Nov 2026 (Minato NAKAZAWA)
Game theory
ゲーム理論
7. 17 Nov 2026 (Minato NAKAZAWA)
Contingent valuation methods
仮想評価法
8. 24 Nov 2026 (Minato NAKAZAWA)
Nudge theory and prospect theory
ナッジ理論とプロスペクト理論

3. Evaluation

Based on the end-of-term report (80%) and discussion (20%).

4. Textbook/Further readings

No specific textbook exists.

Further Readings

5. Office hour

Please contact with e-mail <minato-nakazawa[at]people.kobe-u.ac.jp> at any time.

6. Message to the students

Done in English, but you can ask in Japanese, too.


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